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Elephants refer to one another by “names”: Research

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7 months ago

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Elephant biologists have observed a fascinating phenomenon over the years. An elephant will occasionally vocalize to a group of elephants, and all of the other elephants will reply. However, on other occasions, when that same elephant calls out to the gathering, only one person answers. Is it possible that elephants use a term akin to a name to refer to one another? This theory is supported by a recent investigation using African savannah elephants in the wild in Kenya.

More than 100 elephants in Amboseli National Park and Samburu National Reserve produced vocalizations that the researchers examined. The majority of these vocalizations were rumbles produced by the elephants utilizing their vocal chords, much like people talk.

The researchers recognized what seemed to be a name-like component in these calls designating a particular elephant as the intended addressee using a machine-learning algorithm. After that, the researchers played audio to 17 elephants to see how they would react to a call that appeared to be for them as well as a sound that appeared to be for another elephant.

On average, the elephants reacted more forcefully to calls that seemed to be directed towards them. They tended to act more animatedly, approach the audio source, and produce more noises when they heard such a call as opposed to when they heard one that seemed to be intended for someone else.

Elephants, according to the study’s findings, “address one another with something like a name,” says lead author Mickey Pardo, a behavioral ecologist from Cornell University who was formerly at Colorado State University. The study was published on Monday in the journal Nature Ecology & Evolution.

“Certainly, in order to address one another in this way, elephants must learn to associate particular sounds with particular individuals and then use those sounds to get the attention of the individual in question, which requires sophisticated learning ability and understanding of social relationships,” Pardo stated. “The fact that elephants address one another as individuals highlights the importance of social bonds – and specifically, maintaining many different social bonds – for these animals,” Pardo said.

Elephants, the biggest land mammal on the planet, are incredibly clever; they are noted for their sophisticated communication, strong memory, and problem-solving abilities. According to earlier studies, they welcome one other with complex behaviors that include tactile, auditory, and visual cues.

Why would an elephant use its “name” to address another elephant?
According to George Wittemyer, a conservation biologist from Colorado State University and co-author of the study, “we don’t know exhaustively, but from our analysis it appears commonly during contact calls where an elephant calls to another individual – often by name.” Wittemyer is also chair of the scientific board of the conservation organization Save the Elephants.

“Mothers frequently rumbled to their calves, either to soothe them or to see how they were doing. It was less frequent in those kinds of vocalizations than we had anticipated in welcoming ceremonies, Wittemyer continued.

In the animal kingdom, the use of individual-specific vocal labels, or names, is uncommon but not unheard of. It has also been demonstrated that parrots and dolphins do this. However, all they do is mimic the other animal’s vocalizations. The vocal labels in elephants do more than just mimic the sounds produced by the addressee.

“Instead, their names seem to be arbitrary, like human names,” Pardo stated. “Addressing individuals with arbitrary names likely requires a capacity for some degree of abstract thought.”

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“I think this work highlights how intelligent and interesting elephants are, and I hope that engenders greater interest in their conservation and protection,” Wittemyer said.

Is it possible for humans to “talk” with elephants in the future?
“That would be fantastic, but we are a long way off from that,” Wittemyer stated. “The grammar and fundamental components by which elephant vocalizations encode information remain unknown. Before we can go forward in comprehending them, we must resolve that.”

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Festival

The Tamil festival of Mattu Pongal 2025 celebrating our diligent cattle.

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3 days ago

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January 15, 2025

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The auspicious 4-day stretch of Pongal kickstarted yesterday and brings us to the heartening Mattu Pongal celebration today. What is it all about?

With 394.6 million acres of India’s soil being farmland, the special significance cattle holds for us is insurmountable. And that is the sentiment that is honoured with grand celebrations on the occasion of Mattu Pongal. Mattu Pongal is being celebrated today, Wednesday, January 15. The rituals, traditions and customs observed on this day highlight the reverence of animals, particularly in the Tamil culture. While there is a lot of religiosity and routine surrounding the day, at the heart of it, Mattu Pongal is a day when the community gets together to truly thank the cattle for their unmatched contributions across the agricultural spectrum.

Also an important subtext of the festival is the day marking the beginning of the Tamil month of Thai, associated with the harvest of rice and other crops. Coming back to the topic of honouring cattle, the day traditionally involves a series of elaborate rituals, centered around the hallowed cattle.

The day begins with farmers and cattle owners, bathing the cattle with herbal pastes and scents, ensuring they are well-groomed for the whole day’s worth of festivities. The cattle are then thoroughly decorated with tikas, vibrant motifs on their horns, garlands, bells and even colour cloth draped over their bodies. The subsequent puja focuses on seeking blessings for their health and prosperity by paying obeisance to deities like Lord Ganesha and Lord Murugan.

The cattle are then further pampered by being fed concoctions of ghee, sugar, jaggery and rice followed by additional treats like coconuts, sugarcanes and bananas. The absolute highlight of the day however, are the bullock cart races. Friendly in their nature, these are accompanied with music, dance, chants and feasts with the women donning colourful sarees and the men folk turning out in traditional attires like the dhoti.

We wish you all a happy Mattu Pongal!

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Fashion

In a lavender Manish Malhotra saree, Hania Aamir sports her most gorgeous ethnic ensemble to date. View its astounding cost.

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2 weeks ago

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January 7, 2025

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Hania Aamir serves stunning ethnic fashion inspiration in lavender Manish Malhotra tissue saree. Wondering how much it costs? Scroll down for all the details.

Hania Aamir is leaving fashion lovers spellbound with her stunning ethnic diaries. The Pakistani actor has been rocking back-to-back traditional outfits by Indian designers, turning her Insta feed into a goldmine of fashion inspo. For her latest look, the 27-year-old slipped into six yards of grace and looked straight out of a royal fairytale. Let’s break down her saree look and steal some style tips for your ethnic wardrobe. Hania Aamir stuns in lavender saree
On Monday, Hania took to Instagram and uploaded a series of gorgeous snaps accompanied by the caption “gave mermaid.” Draped in a dreamy lavender saree, the star looked absolutely breathtaking while serving some striking glam poses. Let’s take a moment to soak in her ethereal beauty.

Hania’s saree is crafted from luxurious tissue fabric and features intricately embroidered borders, showcasing stunning zari work, beads, and sequin detailing throughout. Draped to perfection, she let the pallu elegantly cascade from her shoulder, adding a regal charm to her look. She teamed it up with a matching embroidered blouse, complete with delicate handmade tassels at the back.

How much does her saree cost?
Can’t stop swooning over Hania’s gorgeous saree? We’ve got all the details you need to add this stunner to your collection. Her six yards is straight from the shelves of ace designer Manish Malhotra and is priced at ₹3,95,000.

Hania accessorised her ethnic look with dazzling diamond jewellery, including statement drop earrings, a chic choker necklace, a sleek bracelet, and a stunning ring adorning her finger. Her dewy makeup featured shimmer eyeshadow, winged eyeliner, mascara-coated lashes, blushed cheeks, a luminous highlighter, and glossy nude lipstick. With her long, luscious tresses left loose in a side partition, she perfectly finished off her look.

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Lifestyle

Dimple Kapadia’s “excellent” natural haircare components are the keys to her most beautiful hair: Egg with onion juice

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2 weeks ago

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January 7, 2025

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Celebrities’ haircare secrets are always a mystery; but we’ve got the scoop. Here are some tips from veteran actor Dimple Kapadia, known for her luscious hair.

Ever wondered what the secret to Dimple Kapadia’s ‘glossy and shiny’ locks is? You’re in luck as the Bollywood A-lister shared the haircare tips and tricks she’s picked up over the years in a 2021 interview with Vogue India, and they are pretty much the best hair care advice you will ever get. The best part? Dimple’s inexpensive haircare tips could help you achieve healthy, beautiful locks without breaking the bank. Also read | What Sharmila Tagore does for ‘radiant, naturally glowing skin’ at 79: Her top 3 traditional Indian skincare ingredients

‘Oil your hair and do not colour it’
Speaking about her ‘glossy and shiny’ hair, the actor credited the ‘habit of oiling’ that started in her childhood, and said, “Oiling goes a long, long way. I oil my hair overnight, then get a head massage with a homemade hair pack, which is a mixture of eggs (5 whites and a whole egg) and a banana. I leave it on for 10-30 minutes and then wash it through with lukewarm water… the habit of oiling was prevalent throughout my childhood, and it helped as I have always had very dry, thick and coarse hair. Without the amount of professional styling I’ve had over the years, it would not look so glossy and shiny.”

‘Onion juice is excellent for the hair’
Dimple, 67, added, “My secret hair oil recipe is a concoction of almond and sandalwood oil as a base, with geranium, rosemary and lavender essential oils. This is the legacy I’ll pass down to my grandchildren – oil your hair and do not colour it… onion juice is excellent for the hair but I think, the safer option is to use the onion extract oils you get now.”

Diet for healthy hair
Dimple’s healthy hair diet included fish that can provide essential nutrients for promoting hair growth and maintaining healthy locks. The actor said that she ‘ate a lot of fish growing up’ as her family lived in a coastal area, adding that ‘really helped’ her hair.

Dimple suggested that you ‘include lots of protein in your diet, eat balanced meals and include seeds and nuts’ to provide your hair with the essential nutrients it needs to stay healthy, strong, and beautiful.

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