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What is LVM-3, the launch vehicle for the Chandrayaan-3 moon exploration mission?

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Chandrayaan-3 mission

India’s ambitious lunar exploration program, Chandrayaan, is set to take another giant leap with the upcoming Chandrayaan-3 mission. Central to this endeavor is the formidable launch vehicle, the LVM-3 (Launch Vehicle Mark-3), which will propel the spacecraft towards the Moon’s mysterious surface.

The LVM-3, developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), stands as a testament to India’s growing prowess in space technology. With an impressive height of approximately 43 meters and a lift-off mass of about 640 tonnes, the LVM-3 is a powerful and robust launch vehicle designed to carry heavy payloads to space.

Equipped with advanced propulsion systems, the LVM-3 boasts a core liquid booster and two solid strap-on motors, providing an exceptional thrust capability during the initial stages of the launch. This tremendous power enables it to overcome Earth’s gravity and deliver the spacecraft to the desired trajectory for its lunar mission.

The Chandrayaan-3 mission, following the success of its predecessor Chandrayaan-2, aims to further expand India’s scientific knowledge of the Moon. The LVM-3 will play a pivotal role in delivering the spacecraft, carrying a suite of sophisticated instruments and equipment, to the lunar orbit.

The launch vehicle’s impressive capabilities allow it to accommodate the significant payload requirements of the Chandrayaan-3 mission. It possesses a capacity of launching payloads weighing up to 8,000 kilograms to the geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO) and approximately 4,000 kilograms to the Moon’s polar orbit.

The development and successful deployment of the LVM-3 showcase India’s commitment to advancing its space exploration capabilities. The mission not only aims to conduct scientific experiments but also seeks to pave the way for future endeavors, such as manned missions and further lunar exploration.

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The LVM-3’s launch for the Chandrayaan-3 mission is scheduled to take place from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, India’s primary spaceport. The precise launch date will be determined based on a range of factors, including the alignment of the Moon and the spacecraft’s readiness for the journey.

As India gears up for its third lunar mission, the successful deployment of the LVM-3 launch vehicle will mark another significant milestone in the nation’s space exploration endeavors. It demonstrates India’s commitment to scientific advancement and highlights its growing influence in the global space community.

The Chandrayaan-3 mission, powered by the remarkable LVM-3 launch vehicle, promises to unlock further mysteries of the Moon, enhancing our understanding of Earth’s celestial neighbor. As the launch approaches, the anticipation grows, and the world eagerly awaits the groundbreaking discoveries and achievements that lie ahead.

Chandrayaan-3 moon exploration

The LVM-3, developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), stands as a testament to India’s growing prowess in space technology. With an impressive height of approximately 43 meters and a lift-off mass of about 640 tonnes, the LVM-3 is a powerful and robust launch vehicle designed to carry heavy payloads to space.

Equipped with advanced propulsion systems, the LVM-3 boasts a core liquid booster and two solid strap-on motors, providing an exceptional thrust capability during the initial stages of the launch. This tremendous power enables it to overcome Earth’s gravity and deliver the spacecraft to the desired trajectory for its lunar mission.

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The Chandrayaan-3 mission, following the success of its predecessor Chandrayaan-2, aims to further expand India’s scientific knowledge of the Moon. The LVM-3 will play a pivotal role in delivering the spacecraft, carrying a suite of sophisticated instruments and equipment, to the lunar orbit.

ISRO

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is the premier space agency of India and has made significant contributions to the country’s space exploration and satellite technology. Founded in 1969, ISRO has played a pivotal role in advancing India’s capabilities in space research, satellite communication, and Earth observation. Over the years, ISRO has successfully launched numerous satellites for various purposes, including communication, weather forecasting, remote sensing, and navigation. The organization has achieved several notable milestones, such as the Mars Orbiter Mission in 2013, which made India the fourth country to reach Mars. ISRO’s accomplishments have not only enhanced India’s scientific and technological standing but have also contributed to global space research and collaboration. With its commitment to innovation and exploration, ISRO continues to inspire the nation and push the boundaries of space science and technology.

History of Moon Missions across the World


The history of moon missions across the world is a testament to humanity’s enduring fascination with Earth’s celestial neighbor. The first successful moon mission took place on July 20, 1969, when NASA’s Apollo 11 mission landed astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin on the lunar surface. This iconic achievement marked the culmination of a fierce space race between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War era. Prior to Apollo 11, the Soviet Union had sent several unmanned missions, including Luna 2 in 1959, which became the first human-made object to reach the moon. Over the following decades, both NASA and the Soviet space program continued their lunar exploration efforts with missions like Apollo 12, 14, 15, 16, and 17, each contributing valuable scientific data and expanding our understanding of the moon’s geology and composition. Other countries, too, have joined the race to the moon, with notable missions including the Soviet Luna program, Japan’s SELENE, China’s Chang’e program, and India’s Chandrayaan-2. These missions have brought new insights into the moon’s origin, geology, and potential for future human exploration. As we look ahead, international collaboration and renewed interest in lunar exploration promise an exciting future for moon missions, with plans to establish a sustainable human presence and pave the way for further cosmic exploration.

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Bigg Boss creators are accused by Umar Riaz of preferring Karanveer Mehra: “I never was their nepotism child.”

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Umar Riaz accuses Bigg Boss makers of favouring Karanveer Mehra: ‘I was never their nepo child’

Umar Riaz was a part of Bigg Boss 15. He had a tumultuous stint on the show, eventually facing eviction after a physical altercation with another contestant.

Former Bigg Boss contestant Umar Riaz has made allegations against the makers of Bigg Boss 18, accusing them of bias and promoting nepotism. He used an example of this edition’s contestant Karanveer Mehra to make his point. Also read: Bigg Boss 18 will never be able to recreate the magic of season 13. Here’s why

Umar lashes out
Umar, brother of Asim Riaz, was a part of Bigg Boss 15. He had a tumultuous stint on the show, eventually facing eviction after a physical altercation with another contestant. Now, he has taken to social media to express his discontent, sharing posts that highlight favouritism towards contestants who got violent in the show.

Umar took to Instagram to post Stories talking about a task during this season where his forehead was injured. He stressed that no action was taken at that time by the makers.

Umar wrote, “Face injury bollocks. I wish I could have shown my forehead scars during my task. I am sure the channel didn’t show, coz I was never their nepo child.”

Umar was referring to an ugly fight between Karanveer and Rajat Dalal last week. During the altercation, Karanveer’s specs broke which led to an injury below the eye. After this, Vivian Dsena was seen defending Karanveer. No action was taken against the contestants for the violence in the show, which is against the rules.

More from the past
Umar Riaz’s criticism of the Bigg Boss makers is not an isolated incident. In 2022, following his eviction from the 15th season of the show, Umar expressed his discontent to the Times of India, feeling that he had been unfairly branded as aggressive. He said, “I feel that I was given the tag of being aggressive right from the beginning. Yes, I was aggressive in tasks, but I’ve never physically pushed or hit anyone. It was said that I was warned earlier too, but I don’t remember when was I given any warning. Then they said my eviction was based on the audience’s vote. But when I came out of the house, I got to know that most people were only showering love on me, so how was this eviction based on janta’s decision?”

About Bigg Boss 18
As the finale of Bigg Boss 18 draws near, the excitement is reaching a fever pitch. The recent elimination of Digvijay Rathee has shaken up the dynamics of the house, prompting the remaining contestants to rethink their strategies and intensify their gameplay in a bid to claim the trophy.

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Fiery Priest 2 surges towards the conclusion with record highs as the Phone Rings’ ratings soar in the second half.

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When the Phone Rings’ ratings shoot up in second half; Fiery Priest 2 charges toward finale with record highs

As 2025 approaches, fans are bidding farewell to their favorite K-dramas, while eagerly anticipating the release of Squid Game 2 on December 26.

As 2024 draws to a close, fans are bidding farewell to some beloved Korean dramas while eagerly anticipating new releases. The highly successful sequel to The Fiery Priest is approaching its finale, leaving fans wanting more. Meanwhile, MBC’s record-breaking drama, When the Phone Rings, has entered its second half, with a limited series run expected to continue until January. Amid this excitement continues to build for the highly anticipated release of Squid Game 2.

When The Phone Rings kicks second half with top ratings
Stealing the No. 2 position on Netflix and dominating the non-English TV series chart on the OTT platform, Yoo Yeon Seok and Chae So Bin’s starrer is also receiving rave viewership on national television. MBC’s show, which airs episodes every Friday and Saturday—with Friday ratings typically lower than weekend ones—kicked off the second half of its run with an average nationwide rating of 6.0 percent, according to Nielsen Korea.

The Fiery Priest 2 approaches finale with record ratings
On December 20, ahead of its highly anticipated finale, The Fiery Priest 2 continued its winning streak, securing first place in its time slot across all channels. According to Nielsen Korea, the penultimate episode achieved an impressive nationwide rating of 11.9 percent, a dramtic increase from the previous week’s episode. The series follows the gripping story of a hot-tempered priest and a determined detective who join forces to uncover the truth behind the mysterious death of a clergy member.

Squid Game 2 release date
Netflix’s smash hit Squid Game, the show that took the Hallyu wave to new heights, is set to return with its highly anticipated sequel this December 26. After rolling out a reality series inspired by the original, Netflix is now gearing up to bring back fan favorites Lee Jung Jae, Wi Ha Joon, and Lee Byung Hun in the lead roles for the next chapter.

The official synopsis of season 2 reads, “Three years after winning Squid Game, Player 456 gave up going to the States and comes back with a new resolution in his mind, Gi-hun once again dives into the mysterious survival game, starting another life-or-death game with new participants gathered to win the prize of 45.6 billion won.”

Meanwhile, Squid Game season 3 has also been confirmed by the cast. The show will make it to the OTT platform somewhere in 2025.

When the Stars Gossip release date
Lee Min Ho is making his return in 2025 with When the Stars Gossip, set to release on January 4. The series follows him as Gong Ryong, a doctor and tourist at a space station. Playing the secret son of Korea’s wealthiest conglomerate, Lee Min Ho’s path crosses with Commander Eve Kim, a perfectionist on her first mission. As their contrasting personalities clash, they develop undeniable chemistry.

According to Netflix, “the first “earth-to-space romance,” When the Stars Gossip offers a fresh take on a classic love story. Set in an environment where everything is limited — except the depth of their feelings — the series promises an emotional rollercoaster filled with laughter, challenges, and swoon-worthy moments.”

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On portraying Jinnah in Freedom at Midnight, Arif Zakaria: didn’t add any political overtones.

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Arif Zakaria on playing Jinnah in Freedom at Midnight: Didn’t attach any political flavour to it

Arif Zakaria’s performance as Jinnah in Freedom at Midnight seems to have been well received, with many appreciating the nuanced approach to the character.

Arif Zakaria, who plays Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Pakistan’s first governor-general, in the recently released web show Freedom at Midnight, has faced little in the way of polarising feedback about his portrayal of the controversial figure. While historical characters like Jinnah often spark intense debate, Arif Zakaria’s performance seems to have been well received, with many appreciating the nuanced approach to the character.

“Personally, I haven’t received any polarising feedback,” the actor shares, adding, “The show has been well appreciated. Of course, people may have differing opinions, but I haven’t seen any extreme reactions so far. It’s natural for audiences to like or dislike parts of a story, but that’s true for any work—not just historical adaptations.”

Ask him if he was apprehensive about taking up a character that is unpopular in this part of the world and the actor promptly says “not really”. He explains, “It’s a challenging role—and as actors, we always talk about embracing challenges. So when such a challenge comes along, why shy away? I didn’t attach any political flavor to it. I treated him like an antagonist or anti-hero and worked within the confines of the script. The burden of history on this character makes people view it differently. But I consciously didn’t carry that weight. I stuck to what the script demanded and played the character accordingly.”

The 58-year-old further says, “I stripped down the reputation and approached the character as a lawyer from Mumbai—a man who followed a certain ideology, believed in what he thought was right, and had a strong sense of self-belief. For him, his right was right. He was educated, had a sister, and espoused a theory he firmly believed in until the end.”

Zakaria says he doesn’t feel daunted by the characters historical weight. “If tomorrow I get a chance to play someone like Bhimrao Ambedkar or any other historical figure, I would take it as another opportunity to perform to the best of my abilities,” says the actor, who has previously played Pakistan General Riaz Ahmed in Shoorveer (2022) and former Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru in 1962: The War in the Hills (2021).

Ask him if he was apprehensive about taking up a character that is unpopular in this part of the world and the actor promptly says “not really”. He explains, “It’s a challenging role—and as actors, we always talk about embracing challenges. So when such a challenge comes along, why shy away? I didn’t attach any political flavor to it. I treated him like an antagonist or anti-hero and worked within the confines of the script. The burden of history on this character makes people view it differently. But I consciously didn’t carry that weight. I stuck to what the script demanded and played the character accordingly.”

The 58-year-old further says, “I stripped down the reputation and approached the character as a lawyer from Mumbai—a man who followed a certain ideology, believed in what he thought was right, and had a strong sense of self-belief. For him, his right was right. He was educated, had a sister, and espoused a theory he firmly believed in until the end.”

Zakaria says he doesn’t feel daunted by the characters historical weight. “If tomorrow I get a chance to play someone like Bhimrao Ambedkar or any other historical figure, I would take it as another opportunity to perform to the best of my abilities,” says the actor, who has previously played Pakistan General Riaz Ahmed in Shoorveer (2022) and former Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru in 1962: The War in the Hills (2021).

Zakaria’s journey into the project began two years ago when he received a call from filmmaker Nikkhil Advani while he was abroad. “I had heard of the book Freedom at Midnight. It’s a big novel, very popular, and well-known,” he recalls. “I landed back in Mumbai and went to meet him (Advani). In the first meeting, he simply told me, ‘I want you to play this part. You look the part, and I think it would be good for the project’,” he further says, adding, “He had me read just one scene, which happens to be in Episode 2—the consultation scene with Nehru’s character. Getting on board was as simple as that.”

On if he drew inspiration from other actors who’ve played Jinnah on screen, Zakaria says he’s not seen any major performances. Sharing how he prepped to bring Jinnah to life on screen, he reveals, “There were extensive workshops and readings, and I even learnt how to smoke. That went on for about 9 to 10 months before we actually began shooting,” adding, “My approach was largely based on the material I had at hand—the script, historical research, and, of course, Jinnah’s tonality and presence, which can now be easily studied on YouTube. I worked on his voice and mannerisms while staying present and spontaneous during the shoot.”

But given the current political scenario in the country was he anxious about controversies erupting surrounding the show or the character? “Not at all. We live in very vague times—anything can become controversial. I could do a scene with a man and a woman, and addressing the woman in a certain way might spark controversy. You have to stick to what you believe is true,” Zakaria says, adding, “In this case, the writing was very strong, and the show is based on an award-winning book. Freedom at Midnight is a celebrated novel written by Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre, first published in the late 1970s. The book has been popular for decades, so we adapted it faithfully. As an actor, you have to remain pure to the material. If you get caught up in these concerns, you can’t do justice to the work.”

He adds, “As an artist, you can’t please everybody. At the end of the day, everyone has their own opinions. People who try to please everyone might end up sacrificing something. You have to be true to the material. The best way to please anyone, whether personally, professionally, or artistically, is to stick to what’s true and honest. Don’t play to the gallery, or just try to appeal to others’ expectations. Just make something truthful and correct. If something is untrue, it will be discovered eventually. People are smart, especially with social media these days. If you do the right thing, the rest will follow.”

Zakaria further says that history is always open to interpretation, and no matter how much research one does, there will always be voices and perspectives on it. “I think it’s great that everyone has access to these debates now…But as an audience, we want you to feel as if you’re sitting across the boardroom, watching these historical figures make their decisions. Whether they were right or wrong is subjective—it’s your perspective. We’re not trying to alter that. You may come in with a certain set notion, and that’s fine, but we’ll show you the circumstances, pressures, and reasons behind their actions,” he says.

During the conversation, Zakaria also weighed in on the rise of history-based webs shows on OTT platforms. He believes historical stories are finding greater success on OTT because they allow for deeper exploration of characters and themes. “The long-format nature of OTT platforms allows stories to unfold over time. You can play with subjects, formats, and genres without being bogged down by commercial trappings. Characters are better defined, and there’s more room for exploration.”

He credits this format for making historical narratives more accessible and engaging. “India has so many untold stories—heroes, survivors, revolutionaries—from every corner of the country. OTT platforms offer the space to explore these stories in depth, which theatrical releases often cannot accommodate,” he wraps up.

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